In biomass power generation, various chemicals are used to ‘clean’ gaseous emissions from harmful or corrosive emissions to the atmosphere. Known as Anti Pollution Control Chemicals (APCC), these are typically alkaline materials such as Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate or Hydrated Lime dosed with Activated Carbon.

These compounds react with acidic gases formed by Chlorine, Bromine, Fluorine, Nitrogen and Sulphur in flue gas to remove pollutants, contaminants and even Carbon Dioxide. Activated Carbon is also employed to absorb harmful organic materials arising from contamination of the fuel or chemical reactions producing these as a consequence of combustion.

SO, WHAT ARE ANTI-POLLUTION CONTROL RESIDUES?

Whilst this process is necessary, it results in anti-pollution control residues (APCR), which ultimately can lead to an increase in extremely toxic materials that are both dangerous and difficult to deal with from an operational perspective.

WHEN ARE ANTI-POLLUTION CONTROL RESIDUES AN ISSUE?

The biggest concern when it comes to APCC is the formation of PCDDs (polychlorinated-p-Dioxins) and PCDFs (polychlorinated-p-Furans); some of the most toxic materials known. Formation of these is associated with high levels of chlorinated contaminants in biomass fuel, including pesticides used in wood treatment and plastics containing chlorine such as PVC.

WHAT IS ACPR TESTING?

Through APCR testing, you can identify the most suitable disposal method for your residues, whilst also ascertaining the level of any unused alkalinity, extending the useful life of the material. When spent, anti-pollution control chemicals become residues and will therefore need to be tested. It is worth noting that increased usage of APCCs signifies an increased generation of acidic gases.

HOW CAN ALFRED H KNIGHT HELP?

Alfred H Knight has been supporting organisations in the solid fuels sector for over 35 years. We have a wealth of experience in helping major clients across the biomass and energy production sectors diagnose discrepancies and improve operational efficiency at their power plants and processing sites.

Our experts utilise their extensive knowledge in analysis to help organisations build an accurate and reliable profile of their APCR, helping them to dispose of them correctly. If you would like to speak to an expert regarding your APCR, get in touch via our contact page today.